Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model

Wang, Hanjie; Hunt, Kenneth James (2023). Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model PLoS One, 18(10), e0292310. Public Library of Science (PLoS) 10.1371/journal.pone.0292310

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This work investigated automatic control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. The aim was to theoretically derive a generic feedback design strategy that achieves a constant input sensitivity function for linear, time-invariant plant models, and to empirically test whether a compensator C2 based on a second-order model is more dynamic and has better tracking accuracy than a compensator C1 based on a first-order model. Twenty-three healthy participants were tested using first and second order compensators, C1 and C2, respectively, during 35-minute bouts of constant heart rate treadmill running. It was found that compensator C2 was significantly more accurate, i.e. it had 7 % lower mean root-mean-square tracking error (1.98 vs. 2.13 beats per minute, p = 0.026), and significantly more dynamic, i.e. it had 17 % higher mean average control signal power (23.4 × 10−4 m2/s2 vs. 20.0 × 10−4 m2/s2, p = 0.011), than C1. This improvement likely stems from the substantially and significantly better fidelity of second-order models, compared to first order models, in line with classical descriptions of the different phases of the cardiac response to exercise. These outcomes, achieved using a treadmill, are consistent with previous observations for the cycle ergometer exercise modality. In summary, whenever heart rate tracking accuracy is of primary importance and a more dynamic control signal is acceptable, the use of a compensator based on a second-order nominal model is recommended.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Original Article)
Division/Institute:	School of Engineering and Computer Science > Institute for Human Centered Engineering (HUCE) School of Engineering and Computer Science > Institut für Rehabilitation und Leistungstechnologie IRPT > IRPT / Rehabilitationstechnik School of Engineering and Computer Science
Name:	Wang, Hanjie and Hunt, Kenneth James
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General)
ISSN:	1932-6203
Publisher:	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Funders:	[7] Swiss National Science Foundation
Projects:	[UNSPECIFIED] Heart rate variability, dynamics and control during exercise
Language:	English
Submitter:	Kenneth James Hunt
Date Deposited:	01 Nov 2023 13:12
Last Modified:	03 Nov 2023 09:50
Publisher DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0292310
ARBOR DOI:	10.24451/arbor.20278
URI:	https://arbor.bfh.ch/id/eprint/20278