Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories?

Sintermann, J.; Neftel, A.; Ammann, C.; Häni, Christoph; Hensen, A.; Loubet, B.; Flechard, C. R. (2012). Are ammonia emissions from field-applied slurry substantially over-estimated in European emission inventories? Biogeosciences, 9(5), pp. 1611-1632. Copernicus 10.5194/bg-9-1611-2012

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The EMEP/EEA guidebook 2009 for agricultural emission inventories reports an average ammonia (NH3) emission factor (EF) by volatilisation of 55% of the applied total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) content for cattle slurry, and 35% losses for pig slurry, irrespective of the type of surface or slurry characteristics such as dry matter content and pH. In this review article, we compiled over 350 measurements of EFs published between 1991 and 2011. The standard slurry application technique during the early years of this period, when a large number of measurements were made, was spreading by splash plate, and as a result reference EFs given in many European inventories are predominantly based on this technique. However, slurry application practices have evolved since then, while there has also been a shift in measurement techniques and investigated plot sizes. We therefore classified the available measurements according to the flux measurement technique or measurement plot size and year of measurement. Medium size plots (usually circles between 20 to 50 m radius) generally yielded the highest EFs. The most commonly used measurement setups at this scale were based on the Integrated Horizontal Flux method (IHF or the ZINST method (a simplified IHF method)). Several empirical models were published in the years 1993 to 2003 predicting NH3 EFs as a function of meteorology and slurry characteristics (Menzi et al., 1998; Søgaard et al., 2002). More recent measurements show substantially lower EFs which calls for new measurement series in order to validate the various measurement approaches against each other and to derive revised inputs for inclusion into emission inventories.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Original Article)
Division/Institute:	School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL > Agriculture School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL > Agriculture > Sustainability and Circular Economy
Name:	Sintermann, J.; Neftel, A.; Ammann, C.; Häni, Christoph0000-0003-1458-1849; Hensen, A.; Loubet, B. and Flechard, C. R.
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
ISSN:	1726-4189
Publisher:	Copernicus
Language:	English
Submitter:	Christoph Häni
Date Deposited:	14 Apr 2021 12:11
Last Modified:	06 Oct 2021 02:18
Publisher DOI:	10.5194/bg-9-1611-2012
ARBOR DOI:	10.24451/arbor.14476
URI:	https://arbor.bfh.ch/id/eprint/14476