Effect of bio-banding on physiological and technical-tactical key performance indicators in youth elite soccer

Bio-banding has been introduced to reduce the impact of inter-individual differences due to
biological maturation among youth athletes. Existing studies in youth soccer have generally
examined the pilot-testing application of bio-banding. This is the first study that investigated
whether bio-banded (BB) versus chronological age (CA) competition affects reliable
physiological and technical-tactical in-game key performance indicators (KPIs) using a
randomized cross-over repeated measures design. Sixty-five youth elite soccer players from the under-13 (U13) and under-14 (U14) age category and with maturity offsets (MO) between −2.5 and 0.5 years, competed in both a BB and CA game. For statistical analysis, players were divided into four sub-groups according to CA and MO: U13MOlow (CA ≤ 12.7, MO ≤ −1.4), U13MOhigh (CA ≤ 12.7, MO > −1.4), U14MOlow (CA > 12.7, MO ≤ −1.4), U14MOhigh (CA > 12.7, MO > −1.4). The two-factor mixed ANOVA revealed significant (p < .05) interactions between competition format and sub-group for the KPIs high accelerations (h2 p = .176), conquered balls (h2 p = .227) and attack balls (h2 p = .146). Especially, 13MOhigh (i.e. early maturing players) faced a higher physiological challenge by having more high accelerations (|d| = 0.6) in BB games. Notably, U14MOlow (i.e. late maturing players) had more opportunities to show their technical-tactical abilities during BB games with more conquered balls (|d| = 1.1) and attack balls (|d| = 1.6). Affected KPIs indicate new hallenges and learning opportunities during BB competition depending on a player’s individual maturity status. Bio-banding can beneficially be applied to enhance the talent development of youth lite soccer players.