Exploring nurse perspectives on AI-based shift scheduling for fairness, transparency, and work-life balance

Introduction Work-life balance (WLB) is critical to nurse retention and job satisfaction in healthcare. Traditional shift scheduling, characterised by inflexible hours and limited employee control, often leads to stress and perceptions of unfairness, contributing to high turnover rates. AI-based scheduling systems are promoted as a promising solution by enabling fairer and more transparent shift distribution. This study explored the perspectives of nurse leaders, permanent nurses, and temporary nurses on the perceived fairness, transparency, and impact on WLB of AI-based shift scheduling systems, which they had not yet used. Methods A qualitative study design was used, with focus group (FG) interviews conducted between May and June 2024. FG interviews were conducted with 21 participants from acute hospitals, home care services, and nursing homes between May and June 2024. The interviews were analyzed using the knowledge mapping method, which allowed for a visual representation of key discussion points and highlighted consensus among participants. The discussions centered on five main themes: (1) experiences with current scheduling systems, (2) requirements for work scheduling, (3) fair and participatory work scheduling, (4) requirements for AI in work scheduling, and (5) perceived advantages and disadvantages of AI-based work scheduling. judgement, healthcare organisations can improve nurse satisfaction and retention, ultimately benefiting patient care and organisational efficiency.