Assessment of constraints in the European Union photovoltaics circular supply chain for enhanced circularity

The transition to a circular economy is essential for mitigating climate change and promoting sustainability. This study addresses the lack of prioritization of circularity constraints within the EU photovoltaic (PV) circular supply chain, aiming to identify and evaluate the most critical barriers to achieving higher circularity benefits. The research objectives include identifying key circularity constraints, developing an indicator system for their evaluation, and selecting the most relevant constraints to address using the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). This approach allows for comprehensive decisionmaking by considering various criteria, stakeholder interests, and the significance of each constraint. The findings emphasize the necessity for coordinated efforts and strategic adjustments in the EU PV circular supply chain. The proposed indicator system, adaptable to specific industry characteristics, offers a practical tool for evaluating and addressing circular economy related constraints. This research contributes to the broader goal of enhancing circularity in the PV industry, ultimately supporting the EU's sustainability and climate objectives.