Clustering of drivers’ state before takeover situations based on physiological features using unsupervised machine learning

de Salis, Emmanuel; Meteier, Quentin; Pelletier, Colin; Capallera, Marine; Angelini, Leonardo; Sonderegger, Andreas; Khaled, Omar Abou; Mugellini, Elena; Widmer, Marino; Carrino, Stefano (2021). Clustering of drivers’ state before takeover situations based on physiological features using unsupervised machine learning In: Tareq Ahram, Redha Taiar (ed.) Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Systems V. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems: Vol. 319 (pp. 550-555). Cham: Springer 10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_69

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Conditionally automated cars share the driving task with the driver. When the control switches from one to another, accidents can occur, especially when the car emits a takeover request (TOR) to warn the driver that they must take the control back immediately. The driver’s physiological state prior to the TOR may impact takeover performance and as such was extensively studied experimentally. However, little was done about using Machine Learning (ML) to cluster natural states of the driver. In this study, four unsupervised ML algorithms were trained and optimized using a dataset collected in a driving simulator. Their performances for generating clusters of physiological states prior to takeover were compared. Some algorithms provide interesting insights regarding the number of clusters, but most of the results were not statistically significant. As such, we advise researchers to focus on supervised ML using ground truth labels after experimental manipulation of drivers’ states.

Item Type:	Book Section (Book Chapter)
Division/Institute:	Business School > Institute for New Work Business School > Institute for New Work > New Forms of Work and Organisation Business School
Name:	de Salis, Emmanuel; Meteier, Quentin; Pelletier, Colin; Capallera, Marine; Angelini, Leonardo; Sonderegger, Andreas0000-0003-0054-0544; Khaled, Omar Abou; Mugellini, Elena; Widmer, Marino; Carrino, Stefano and Tareq Ahram, Redha Taiar
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
ISBN:	978-3-030-85539-0
Series:	Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publisher:	Springer
Language:	English
Submitter:	Andreas Sonderegger
Date Deposited:	22 Feb 2022 14:35
Last Modified:	01 Sep 2023 02:30
Publisher DOI:	10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_69
Additional Information:	Proceedings of the 5th International Virtual Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies, IHIET 2021, August 27–29, 2021 and the 6th IHIET: Future Systems (IHIET-FS 2021), October 28–30, 2021, France
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Automated Vehicles · Clustering · Machine Learning · Physiological state · Takeover · TOR
ARBOR DOI:	10.24451/arbor.16644
URI:	https://arbor.bfh.ch/id/eprint/16644