Dynamic knee valgus in competitive alpine skiers: Observation from youth to elite and influence of biological maturation

Ellenberger, Lynn; Oberle, Felix; Lorenzetti, Silvio; Frey, Walter O; Snedeker, Jess G; Spörri, Jörg (2020). Dynamic knee valgus in competitive alpine skiers: Observation from youth to elite and influence of biological maturation Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sport, 30(7), pp. 1212-1220. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/sms.13657

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Numerous studies investigated the association between dynamic knee valgus and injury risk in post-pubertal and elite athletes; however, normative reference scores for competitive alpine skiers and observations on the development process throughout and beyond athletes' growth spurt are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the dynamic knee valgus of competitive alpine skiers during drop jump landings (DJ) and single-leg squats (SLS) with respect to sex, sportive level, and biological maturation. Thirty-seven elite and 104 youth competitive alpine skiers around the growth spurt (U15) were examined for their maximal medial knee displacement (MKD) during DJ and SLS by a marker-based 3D motion analysis evaluating dynamic knee valgus. Additionally, skiers' age, anthropometry and biological maturation were assessed. MKD of youth and elite alpine skiers during DJ was comparable and did not improve with increasing training age. Female U15 skiers (on average further matured) had significantly larger MKD values during DJ than male U15 skiers (less matured) (P < .01). Moreover, MKD during DJ was directly associated with the athlete's individual biological maturation status. MKD values obtained from DJ significantly differed from those obtained during SLS (P < .01). The gender-specific difference in MKD values during DJ and their relationship with maturity offset highlight the fundamental changes to the neuromuscular control system during the growth spurt. Thus, biological maturation needs to be considered as a confounding factor for knee valgus screening. Caution is required when evaluating MKD by using high- and low-dynamic tasks, as corresponding information can differ.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Original Article)
Division/Institute:	Swiss Federal Institute of Sports Magglingen SFISM > EHSM - Leistungssport
Name:	Ellenberger, Lynn; Oberle, Felix; Lorenzetti, Silvio; Frey, Walter O; Snedeker, Jess G and Spörri, Jörg
ISSN:	0905-7188 (Print) 1600-0838 (Online)
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell
Language:	English
Submitter:	Service Account
Date Deposited:	16 Mar 2021 14:42
Last Modified:	03 Nov 2021 02:18
Publisher DOI:	10.1111/sms.13657
Related URLs:	Publication
PubMed ID:	32187716
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alpine ski racing Athletes Biological age Drop jump Injury prevention Knee alignment Leg axis Single-leg squat
ARBOR DOI:	10.24451/arbor.14418
URI:	https://arbor.bfh.ch/id/eprint/14418