Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites

Ozyhar, Tomasz; Tschannen, Christof; Hilty, Florentine; Thömen, Heiko; Schoelkopf, Joachim; Zoppe, Justin O. (2020). Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites Wood Science and Technology, 55(1), pp. 5-32. Springer 10.1007/s00226-020-01230-0

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A flame-retardant composition (FRC) composed of a surface-treated calcium carbonate-based mineral, having high porosity and loaded with deliquescent calcium chloride, was assessed for its potential as a flame retardant. Two FRCs with 16% and 26% calcium chloride (dry solid) stored in the pore structure, respectively, were studied with respect to their ability to absorb and release free water, and their efficacy in melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites was investigated. Water absorption capacity was determined by performing absorption tests at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 65% and 95%, and the water release behavior was studied by performing thermogravimetric analysis. The FRCs have the capacity to hold substantial amounts of water (up to 60 wt%), but still behave as a free-flowing powder. The influence of addition of 10 and 20 wt% FRC in wood composites on reaction to fire and strength properties was determined by measuring the self-extinguishing time after flame exposure and internal bond strength, respectively. These effects were evaluated by comparison with ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and commercially available nitrogen containing phosphorus-based fire retardant. Although the FRCs had a negative impact on internal bond strength, the results confirmed their flame-retardant potential and showed that 10–15% by weight of the flame retardant would be a good compromise, in terms of the trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The synergistic effects of multiple flame retardancy reaction mechanisms due to the presence of inorganic minerals and a hygroscopic agent, CaCl2, are also discussed. The unique properties of the FRC, which allow to exploit the fire-retardant potential of CaCl2 while at the same time eliminating the risk associated with the emission of hydrogen chloride gas during combustion, are confirmed by the results of FTIR spectroscopic analyses of the flue gas.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institute for Materials and Wood Technology
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institute for Materials and Wood Technology > Adhesive Technology
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institute for Materials and Wood Technology > Composite Materials
BFH Centres and strategic thematic fields > BFH Centre for Wood - Resource and Material
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institut for Building Materials and Biobased Products IBBM
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institut for Building Materials and Biobased Products IBBM > Wood Modification and Gluing Technology group FGHV
School of Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering > Institut for Building Materials and Biobased Products IBBM > Materials and Life Cycle Assessment group FGWO

Name:

Ozyhar, Tomasz;
Tschannen, Christof;
Hilty, Florentine;
Thömen, Heiko;
Schoelkopf, Joachim and
Zoppe, Justin O.

Subjects:

T Technology > T Technology (General)
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TH Building construction
T Technology > TP Chemical technology

ISSN:

0043-7719

Publisher:

Springer

Language:

English

Submitter:

Heiko Thömen

Date Deposited:

16 Dec 2020 10:25

Last Modified:

04 Nov 2022 11:03

Publisher DOI:

10.1007/s00226-020-01230-0

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Ceramics Composites Glass Machines Manufacturing Natural Materials Processes Tools Wood Science & Technology

ARBOR DOI:

10.24451/arbor.13848

URI:

https://arbor.bfh.ch/id/eprint/13848

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